{"id":957,"date":"2026-11-06T05:55:35","date_gmt":"2026-11-06T05:55:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/glassubstrate.net\/?p=957"},"modified":"2026-11-07T01:15:23","modified_gmt":"2026-11-07T01:15:23","slug":"optical-glass-types-selection-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/glassubstrate.net\/en\/optical-glass-types-selection-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"How Many Types of Optical Glass Are There? A Practical Selection Table"},"content":{"rendered":"<article class=\"lg-opt-guide\">\n<p class=\"lead\">\u5149\u5b66\u73bb\u7483\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u603b\u79cd\u6570\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6309\u5de5\u7a0b\u7528\u9014\u5f52\u7eb3\u5e38\u89c1\u73bb\u7483\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u660e\u9700\u8981\u6838\u5bf9\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u52a0\u5de5\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<nav class=\"toc\" aria-label=\"\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f55\"><a href=\"#overview\">\u5206\u7c7b\u53e3\u5f84<\/a><a href=\"#table\">\u9009\u6750\u603b\u8868<\/a><a href=\"#parameters\">Key parameters<\/a><a href=\"#applications\">\u6309\u7528\u9014\u9009\u62e9<\/a><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/nav>\n<section id=\"overview\"><h2>\u5148\u5f04\u6e05\uff1a\u5149\u5b66\u73bb\u7483\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\uff1f<\/h2><p>\u6ca1\u6709\u8de8\u5382\u5546\u3001\u8de8\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5382\u5bb6\u6301\u7eed\u63a8\u51fa\u548c\u505c\u4ea7\u5177\u4f53\u724c\u53f7\uff1b\u201c\u5195\u724c\u201d\u201c\u706b\u77f3\u201d\u662f\u6210\u50cf\u73bb\u7483\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u7194\u878d\u77f3\u82f1\u3001\u787c\u7845\u9178\u76d0\u73bb\u7483\u3001\u6ee4\u5149\u73bb\u7483\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u57fa\u677f\u73bb\u7483\u53c8\u6309\u4e0d\u540c\u76ee\u7684\u9009\u7528\u3002\u4e0b\u8868\u91c7\u7528\u5de5\u7a0b\u9009\u6750\u89c6\u89d2\u6574\u7406\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u628a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7c7b\u89c6\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u6362\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p><div class=\"callout\">\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u4f60\u7f29\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ecd\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u724c\u53f7\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u6ce2\u957f\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u539a\u5ea6\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u539f\u5382\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/div><\/section>\n<section id=\"table\"><h2>\u5e38\u89c1\u5149\u5b66\u7528\u73bb\u7483\uff1a\u4e00\u5f20\u9009\u6750\u603b\u8868<\/h2><div class=\"table-scroll\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">\u6750\u6599\u7c7b\u522b<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u91cd\u70b9\u6838\u5bf9<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u5178\u578b\u7528\u9014<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u9009\u6750\u63d0\u9192<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u5195\u724c\u7c7b\u6210\u50cf\u73bb\u7483<\/th><td>\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u3001\u963f\u8d1d\u6570\u3001\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u3001\u5747\u5300\u6027<\/td><td>\u900f\u955c\u3001\u68f1\u955c\u3001\u5149\u5b66\u7a97\u53e3<\/td><td>\u540c\u5c5e\u5195\u724c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u724c\u53f7\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4e92\u6362\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u706b\u77f3\u4e0e\u9ad8\u6298\u5c04\u6210\u50cf\u73bb\u7483<\/th><td>\u8272\u6563\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u8272\u6563\u3001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u8010\u5316\u5b66\u6027<\/td><td>\u6d88\u8272\u5dee\u955c\u7ec4\u53ca\u7d27\u51d1\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u9002\u5408\u6240\u6709\u6ce2\u6bb5\u6216\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">Fused Silica<\/th><td>\u6307\u5b9a\u6ce2\u6bb5\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u3001\u7f9f\u57fa\u542b\u91cf\u3001\u70ed\u5b66\u6027\u80fd<\/td><td>\u7d2b\u5916\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u6fc0\u5149\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u8bbe\u5907<\/td><td>\u4e0d\u540c\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u4e0e\u7ea2\u5916\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">Borosilicate Glass<\/th><td>\u70ed\u81a8\u80c0\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u539a\u5ea6\u3001\u8868\u9762\u8d28\u91cf<\/td><td>\u8010\u70ed\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u4eea\u5668\u9762\u677f\u3001\u5e73\u9762\u57fa\u677f<\/td><td>\u201c\u787c\u7845\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u914d\u65b9\uff1b\u4ee5\u5177\u4f53\u724c\u53f7\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u65e0\u78b1\u53ca\u94dd\u787c\u7845\u9178\u76d0\u57fa\u677f\u73bb\u7483<\/th><td>\u79bb\u5b50\u542b\u91cf\u3001\u70ed\u5339\u914d\u3001TTV\u3001\u7fd8\u66f2\u3001\u6d01\u51c0\u5ea6<\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u3001\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u53ca\u7535\u5b50\u5668\u4ef6\u57fa\u677f<\/td><td>\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u52a0\u5de5\u8303\u56f4\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u6709\u8272\u4e0e\u5438\u6536\u578b\u6ee4\u5149\u73bb\u7483<\/th><td>\u5149\u8c31\u900f\u8fc7\u66f2\u7ebf\u3001\u539a\u5ea6\u3001\u73af\u5883\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/td><td>\u6ee4\u5149\u7247\u3001\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u3001\u7167\u660e\u5149\u5b66<\/td><td>\u622a\u6b62\u6216\u900f\u8fc7\u6307\u6807\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u5e94\u89c4\u5b9a\u539a\u5ea6\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u7ea2\u5916\u786b\u7cfb\u73bb\u7483<\/th><td>\u7ea2\u5916\u900f\u8fc7\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u70ed\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u8868\u9762\u4fdd\u62a4<\/td><td>\u7ea2\u5916\u6210\u50cf\u4e0e\u63a2\u6d4b<\/td><td>\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7ea2\u5916\u7a97\u53e3\u6750\u6599\u90fd\u662f\u73bb\u7483\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u73bb\u7483\u9676\u74f7\u4e0e\u7279\u79cd\u73bb\u7483<\/th><td>\u70ed\u81a8\u80c0\u3001\u5747\u5300\u6027\u3001\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/td><td>\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7ed3\u6784\u4ef6\u4e0e\u7279\u6b8a\u5149\u5b66\u5e94\u7528<\/td><td>\u73bb\u7483\u9676\u74f7\u5e94\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u6210\u50cf\u73bb\u7483\u533a\u522b\u9009\u578b\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p style=\"font-size:14px;color:#526c80;margin-top:12px\">\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u4e0a\u8868\u5217\u7684\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u6750\u6599\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e0d\u542b\u672a\u7ecf\u6307\u5b9a\u724c\u53f7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u6570\u503c\u3002<\/p><\/section>\n<figure><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/glassubstrate.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/a417c51bdfc5d2b4f3e7150dd30347a9-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\u9694\u79bb\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u7247\u6750\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>\u73bb\u7483\u7247\u6750\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u4e0e\u642c\u8fd0\u793a\u4f8b\uff1b\u5177\u4f53\u6750\u8d28\u4ee5\u9879\u76ee\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<section id=\"parameters\"><h2>\u770b\u61c2\u6750\u6599\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570<\/h2><div class=\"grid\"><div class=\"card\"><h3>Refractive index n<sub>d<\/sub> \u4e0e\u963f\u8d1d\u6570 \u03bd<sub>d<\/sub><\/h3><p>n<sub>d<\/sub>\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u6c26 d \u7ebf\u9644\u8fd1 587.6 nm \u7684\u6298\u5c04\u7387\uff1b\u03bd<sub>d<\/sub>\u53cd\u6620\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\u8272\u6563\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u4f5c\u6ce2\u957f\u4e0b\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u548c\u8272\u6563\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p><\/div><div class=\"card\"><h3>\u5149\u8c31\u900f\u8fc7\u7387<\/h3><p>\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u968f\u6ce2\u957f\u548c\u539a\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5185\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u4e0e\u5305\u542b\u8868\u9762\u53cd\u5c04\u635f\u5931\u7684\u5916\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e94\u6838\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p><\/div><div class=\"card\"><h3>\u70ed\u81a8\u80c0\u4e0e\u6e29\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4<\/h3><p>CTE \u5e94\u6ce8\u660e\u6e29\u5ea6\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u3001\u7845\u3001\u80f6\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u88c5\u914d\u6750\u6599\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u9ad8\u6e29\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd8\u987b\u6838\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p><\/div><div class=\"card\"><h3>\u51e0\u4f55\u4e0e\u8868\u9762\u8d28\u91cf<\/h3><p>\u539a\u5ea6\u516c\u5dee\u3001TTV\u3001\u5e73\u9762\u5ea6\u3001\u7fd8\u66f2\u3001\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u53ca\u5916\u89c2\u7f3a\u9677\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u54cd\u88c5\u914d\u3001\u6210\u50cf\u548c\u540e\u7eed\u52a0\u5de5\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u7528\u201c\u7cbe\u5bc6\u201d\u6982\u62ec\u3002<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section id=\"applications\"><h2>\u6309\u7528\u9014\u53cd\u67e5\u6750\u6599<\/h2><p>\u6210\u50cf\u955c\u7ec4\u5148\u6309\u5de5\u4f5c\u6ce2\u957f\u3001\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u4e0e\u8272\u6563\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u518d\u68c0\u67e5\u5747\u5300\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u52a0\u5de5\u6027\uff1b\u7d2b\u5916\u6216\u6fc0\u5149\u7a97\u53e3\u91cd\u70b9\u6838\u5bf9\u6307\u5b9a\u6ce2\u957f\u7684\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u548c\u635f\u4f24\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b\u8010\u70ed\u89c2\u5bdf\u7a97\u5173\u6ce8\u70ed\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u539a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u88c5\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u7535\u5b50\u57fa\u677f\u5219\u4f18\u5148\u660e\u786e\u6750\u6599\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3001\u539a\u5ea6\u3001TTV\u3001\u7fd8\u66f2\u548c\u6d01\u51c0\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p><figure><img src=\"https:\/\/glassubstrate.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/ecf49bb2bfff10fd0616a3b73109d87c-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\u91c7\u7528\u9694\u79bb\u6750\u6599\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u677f\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>\u73bb\u7483\u677f\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u4fdd\u62a4\u793a\u4f8b\uff1b\u56fe\u7247\u4e0d\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e\u67d0\u4e00\u6750\u6599\u724c\u53f7\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u9517\u3001\u7845\u548c\u7852\u5316\u950c\u4e5f\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u73bb\u7483\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u7eb3\u5165\u201c\u73bb\u7483\u79cd\u7c7b\u201d\u8ba1\u6570\u3002\u9009\u5b9a\u6750\u6599\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u4f9d\u636e\u56fe\u7eb8\u786e\u5b9a\u5207\u5272\u3001\u78e8\u8fb9\u3001\u629b\u5149\u3001\u6e05\u6d17\u4e0e\u68c0\u6d4b\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p><\/section>\n<section id=\"faq\"><h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2><h3>\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u66ff\u6362\u724c\u53f7\u5417\uff1f<\/h3><p>\u4e0d\u80fd\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u7c7b\u522b\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u3001\u8272\u6563\u3001\u70ed\u81a8\u80c0\u3001\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u548c\u4f9b\u8d27\u539a\u5ea6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u66ff\u6362\u524d\u5e94\u91cd\u65b0\u6838\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u724c\u53f7\u53ca\u8bbe\u8ba1\u516c\u5dee\u3002<\/p><h3>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u54c1\u539a\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\uff1f<\/h3><p>\u6750\u6599\u5438\u6536\u8def\u5f84\u968f\u539a\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\uff1b\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u9540\u819c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5916\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u66f2\u7ebf\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u8ba4\u6d4b\u8bd5\u539a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p><h3>\u91c7\u8d2d\u65f6\u5e94\u63d0\u4f9b\u54ea\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\uff1f<\/h3><p>\u63d0\u4f9b\u6750\u6599\u724c\u53f7\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u6ce2\u6bb5\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0e\u539a\u5ea6\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u56fe\u7eb8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8868\u9762\u3001\u8fb9\u7f18\u3001\u6d01\u51c0\u548c\u68c0\u6d4b\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u82e5\u724c\u53f7\u672a\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u5148\u8bf4\u660e\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p><\/section>\n<section class=\"cta\"><h2 style=\"margin-top:0\">\u6309\u56fe\u7eb8\u8bc4\u4f30\u73bb\u7483\u6750\u6599\u4e0e\u52a0\u5de5<\/h2><p>\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u6750\u6599\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u56fe\u7eb8\u53d1\u7ed9\u5de5\u7a0b\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u786e\u8ba4\u6750\u6599\u4e0e\u53ef\u52a0\u5de5\u89c4\u683c\u3002<\/p><a href=\"\/en\/about\/#quote\">\u53d1\u9001\u9700\u6c42\u5e76\u8054\u7cfb\u56e2\u961f \u2192<\/a><\/section>\n<\/article>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5149\u5b66\u73bb\u7483\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u603b\u79cd\u6570\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6309\u5de5\u7a0b\u7528\u9014\u5f52\u7eb3\u5e38\u89c1\u73bb\u7483\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u660e\u9700\u8981\u6838\u5bf9\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u52a0\u5de5\u53c2\u6570\u3002 \u5206\u7c7b\u53e3\u5f84\u9009\u6750\u603b\u8868\u5173 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":836,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_rgkb_en_title":"How Many Types of Optical Glass Are There? A Practical Selection Table","_rgkb_en_excerpt":"Explore common glass families used in optics, from imaging glass and fused silica to filters and electronic substrates. Learn which specifications to verify before selecting a grade.","_rgkb_en_seo_title":"","_rgkb_en_content":"\r\n<article class=\"lg-opt-guide\">\r\n<p class=\"lead\">There is no universal count of optical glass types. This guide groups common glass families by engineering use and explains the properties and processing specifications to verify.<\/p>\r\n<nav class=\"toc\" aria-label=\"Article contents\"><a href=\"#overview\">Scope<\/a><a href=\"#table\">Selection table<\/a><a href=\"#parameters\">Key parameters<\/a><a href=\"#applications\">Choose by application<\/a><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/nav>\r\n<section id=\"overview\"><h2>First, what counts as optical glass?<\/h2><p>No fixed number applies across manufacturers and applications. Individual grades are introduced or discontinued over time. Crown and flint are traditional imaging-glass groups; fused silica, borosilicate, filter and electronic substrate glasses are selected for different functions. The table below groups common families for engineering selection. It is neither an exhaustive standard classification nor a list of interchangeable materials.<\/p><div class=\"callout\">Use the table to narrow the options. Final design still requires manufacturer data for the specified grade, wavelength, temperature and thickness.<\/div><\/section>\r\n<section id=\"table\"><h2>Common glasses used in optics: selection table<\/h2><div class=\"table-scroll\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material family<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Check first<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Typical applications<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Selection note<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">Crown-type imaging glass<\/th><td>Refractive index, Abbe number, transmission, homogeneity<\/td><td>Lenses, prisms, optical windows<\/td><td>Different crown grades are not automatically interchangeable.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">Flint and high-index imaging glass<\/th><td>Dispersion, partial dispersion, density, chemical durability<\/td><td>Achromatic assemblies and compact optical systems<\/td><td>A high refractive index does not make a grade suitable for every wavelength or environment.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">Fused silica<\/th><td>Transmission in the specified band, hydroxyl content, thermal properties<\/td><td>UV windows, laser systems, semiconductor equipment<\/td><td>UV and IR performance varies by grade.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">Borosilicate glass<\/th><td>Thermal expansion, operating temperature, thickness, surface quality<\/td><td>Heat-resistant windows, instrument panels, flat substrates<\/td><td>Borosilicate is not a single composition; verify the exact grade.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">Alkali-free and aluminoborosilicate substrate glass<\/th><td>Ion content, thermal compatibility, TTV, warp, cleanliness<\/td><td>Display, sensor and electronic-device substrates<\/td><td>Properties and processing limits depend on the specified material.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">Colored and absorption filter glass<\/th><td>Spectral transmission curve, thickness, environmental stability<\/td><td>Filters, sensors, illumination optics<\/td><td>Cutoff and transmission specifications must state thickness.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">Infrared chalcogenide glass<\/th><td>IR transmission window, thermal properties, surface protection<\/td><td>IR imaging and detection<\/td><td>Not every infrared window material is glass.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">Glass-ceramics and specialty glass<\/th><td>Thermal expansion, homogeneity, dimensional stability<\/td><td>Precision structural parts and specialized optical uses<\/td><td>Select glass-ceramics separately from conventional imaging glass.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p style=\"font-size:14px;color:#526c80;margin-top:12px\">Note: This table presents common material directions, not universal numerical properties without grade-specific verification.<\/p><\/section>\r\n<figure><img src=\"https:\/\/glassubstrate.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/a417c51bdfc5d2b4f3e7150dd30347a9-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Glass sheets protected with separators\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" loading=\"eager\"><figcaption>Example of separated glass sheets during handling. The material grade is not identified by the photograph.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<section id=\"parameters\"><h2>How to read the key material specifications<\/h2><div class=\"grid\"><div class=\"card\"><h3>Refractive index n<sub>d<\/sub> and Abbe number \u03bd<sub>d<\/sub><\/h3><p>n<sub>d<\/sub>usually denotes the refractive index at the helium d line, about 587.6 nm; \u03bd<sub>d<\/sub>describes visible-light dispersion. Optical design requires refractive-index and dispersion data at the actual working wavelengths.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"card\"><h3>Spectral transmission<\/h3><p>Transmission varies with wavelength and thickness. Internal transmission differs from external transmission, which includes surface reflection losses; check the measurement definition in the data sheet.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"card\"><h3>Thermal expansion and temperature range<\/h3><p>CTE must specify the temperature interval and be compared with metals, silicon, adhesives and other assembly materials. For elevated-temperature use, verify the grade-specific temperature limits.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"card\"><h3>Geometry and surface quality<\/h3><p>Thickness tolerance, TTV, flatness, warp, roughness and visual defects affect assembly, imaging and downstream processing in different ways. Each needs a defined acceptance criterion.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section>\r\n<section id=\"applications\"><h2>Select materials from the application<\/h2><p>For imaging systems, screen by working wavelength, refractive index and dispersion, then check homogeneity and processability. UV and laser windows require transmission at the specified wavelengths and suitable damage limits. Heat-resistant viewing windows require thermal-cycle, thickness and mounting review. Electronic substrates call for material compatibility, thickness, TTV, warp and cleanliness requirements.<\/p><figure><img src=\"https:\/\/glassubstrate.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/ecf49bb2bfff10fd0616a3b73109d87c-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"Glass panels protected by separators\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" loading=\"eager\"><figcaption>Example of separated glass panels; the image does not establish the performance of any particular grade.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>Germanium, silicon and zinc selenide are also used in infrared optics, but they are not glasses and should not be counted as glass types. Once a material is selected, define cutting, edge finishing, polishing, cleaning and inspection requirements from the drawing.<\/p><\/section>\r\n<section id=\"faq\"><h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2><h3>Can one grade be substituted for another within the same family?<\/h3><p>No. Grades within one family may differ in refractive index, dispersion, thermal expansion, transmission and available thickness. Recheck the specified grade and design tolerances before any substitution.<\/p><h3>Why does sample thickness affect transmission?<\/h3><p>A thicker optical path can increase absorption and change measured transmission. Surface finish and coatings also affect external transmission. Compare curves only after checking sample thickness and test method.<\/p><h3>What information should a buyer provide?<\/h3><p>Provide the material grade or target spectral band, operating temperature, dimensions, thickness, quantity and drawing, together with surface, edge, cleanliness and inspection requirements. If the grade is open, describe the function and environment first.<\/p><\/section>\r\n<section class=\"cta\"><h2 style=\"margin-top:0\">Review your material and drawing requirements<\/h2><p>Send the application conditions, material requirements and drawing to our engineering team for a project-specific material and processing review.<\/p><a href=\"\/en\/about\/#quote\">Send your drawing and contact us \u2192<\/a><\/section>\r\n<\/article>\r\n","_rgkb_en_reviewed":"","_rgkb_en_image_alt":"","_rgkb_zh_title":"\u5149\u5b66\u73bb\u7483\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u73bb\u7483\uff1f\u4e00\u5f20\u603b\u8868\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u8bb2\u6e05","_rgkb_zh_excerpt":"\u5149\u5b66\u73bb\u7483\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u603b\u79cd\u6570\u3002\u6309\u5de5\u7a0b\u7528\u9014\u68b3\u7406\u6210\u50cf\u73bb\u7483\u3001\u7194\u878d\u77f3\u82f1\u3001\u787c\u7845\u9178\u76d0\u73bb\u7483\u3001\u6ee4\u5149\u73bb\u7483\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u57fa\u677f\u73bb\u7483\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u9009\u6750\u53c2\u6570\u3002","_rgkb_zh_seo_title":"\u5149\u5b66\u73bb\u7483\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u79cd\u7c7b\uff1f\u6750\u6599\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u9009\u578b\u603b\u8868","_rgkb_zh_content":"\r\n<article class=\"lg-opt-guide\">\r\n<p class=\"lead\">\u5149\u5b66\u73bb\u7483\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u603b\u79cd\u6570\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6309\u5de5\u7a0b\u7528\u9014\u5f52\u7eb3\u5e38\u89c1\u73bb\u7483\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u660e\u9700\u8981\u6838\u5bf9\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u52a0\u5de5\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\r\n<nav class=\"toc\" aria-label=\"\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f55\"><a href=\"#overview\">\u5206\u7c7b\u53e3\u5f84<\/a><a href=\"#table\">\u9009\u6750\u603b\u8868<\/a><a href=\"#parameters\">\u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570<\/a><a href=\"#applications\">\u6309\u7528\u9014\u9009\u62e9<\/a><a href=\"#faq\">\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/a><\/nav>\r\n<section id=\"overview\"><h2>\u5148\u5f04\u6e05\uff1a\u5149\u5b66\u73bb\u7483\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\uff1f<\/h2><p>\u6ca1\u6709\u8de8\u5382\u5546\u3001\u8de8\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5382\u5bb6\u6301\u7eed\u63a8\u51fa\u548c\u505c\u4ea7\u5177\u4f53\u724c\u53f7\uff1b\u201c\u5195\u724c\u201d\u201c\u706b\u77f3\u201d\u662f\u6210\u50cf\u73bb\u7483\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u7194\u878d\u77f3\u82f1\u3001\u787c\u7845\u9178\u76d0\u73bb\u7483\u3001\u6ee4\u5149\u73bb\u7483\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u57fa\u677f\u73bb\u7483\u53c8\u6309\u4e0d\u540c\u76ee\u7684\u9009\u7528\u3002\u4e0b\u8868\u91c7\u7528\u5de5\u7a0b\u9009\u6750\u89c6\u89d2\u6574\u7406\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u628a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7c7b\u89c6\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u6362\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p><div class=\"callout\">\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u4f60\u7f29\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ecd\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u724c\u53f7\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u6ce2\u957f\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u539a\u5ea6\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u539f\u5382\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/div><\/section>\r\n<section id=\"table\"><h2>\u5e38\u89c1\u5149\u5b66\u7528\u73bb\u7483\uff1a\u4e00\u5f20\u9009\u6750\u603b\u8868<\/h2><div class=\"table-scroll\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">\u6750\u6599\u7c7b\u522b<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u91cd\u70b9\u6838\u5bf9<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u5178\u578b\u7528\u9014<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u9009\u6750\u63d0\u9192<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u5195\u724c\u7c7b\u6210\u50cf\u73bb\u7483<\/th><td>\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u3001\u963f\u8d1d\u6570\u3001\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u3001\u5747\u5300\u6027<\/td><td>\u900f\u955c\u3001\u68f1\u955c\u3001\u5149\u5b66\u7a97\u53e3<\/td><td>\u540c\u5c5e\u5195\u724c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u724c\u53f7\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4e92\u6362\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u706b\u77f3\u4e0e\u9ad8\u6298\u5c04\u6210\u50cf\u73bb\u7483<\/th><td>\u8272\u6563\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u8272\u6563\u3001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u8010\u5316\u5b66\u6027<\/td><td>\u6d88\u8272\u5dee\u955c\u7ec4\u53ca\u7d27\u51d1\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u9002\u5408\u6240\u6709\u6ce2\u6bb5\u6216\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u7194\u878d\u77f3\u82f1<\/th><td>\u6307\u5b9a\u6ce2\u6bb5\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u3001\u7f9f\u57fa\u542b\u91cf\u3001\u70ed\u5b66\u6027\u80fd<\/td><td>\u7d2b\u5916\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u6fc0\u5149\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u8bbe\u5907<\/td><td>\u4e0d\u540c\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u4e0e\u7ea2\u5916\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u787c\u7845\u9178\u76d0\u73bb\u7483<\/th><td>\u70ed\u81a8\u80c0\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u539a\u5ea6\u3001\u8868\u9762\u8d28\u91cf<\/td><td>\u8010\u70ed\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u4eea\u5668\u9762\u677f\u3001\u5e73\u9762\u57fa\u677f<\/td><td>\u201c\u787c\u7845\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u914d\u65b9\uff1b\u4ee5\u5177\u4f53\u724c\u53f7\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u65e0\u78b1\u53ca\u94dd\u787c\u7845\u9178\u76d0\u57fa\u677f\u73bb\u7483<\/th><td>\u79bb\u5b50\u542b\u91cf\u3001\u70ed\u5339\u914d\u3001TTV\u3001\u7fd8\u66f2\u3001\u6d01\u51c0\u5ea6<\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u3001\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u53ca\u7535\u5b50\u5668\u4ef6\u57fa\u677f<\/td><td>\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u52a0\u5de5\u8303\u56f4\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u6709\u8272\u4e0e\u5438\u6536\u578b\u6ee4\u5149\u73bb\u7483<\/th><td>\u5149\u8c31\u900f\u8fc7\u66f2\u7ebf\u3001\u539a\u5ea6\u3001\u73af\u5883\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/td><td>\u6ee4\u5149\u7247\u3001\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u3001\u7167\u660e\u5149\u5b66<\/td><td>\u622a\u6b62\u6216\u900f\u8fc7\u6307\u6807\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u5e94\u89c4\u5b9a\u539a\u5ea6\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u7ea2\u5916\u786b\u7cfb\u73bb\u7483<\/th><td>\u7ea2\u5916\u900f\u8fc7\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u70ed\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u8868\u9762\u4fdd\u62a4<\/td><td>\u7ea2\u5916\u6210\u50cf\u4e0e\u63a2\u6d4b<\/td><td>\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7ea2\u5916\u7a97\u53e3\u6750\u6599\u90fd\u662f\u73bb\u7483\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u73bb\u7483\u9676\u74f7\u4e0e\u7279\u79cd\u73bb\u7483<\/th><td>\u70ed\u81a8\u80c0\u3001\u5747\u5300\u6027\u3001\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/td><td>\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7ed3\u6784\u4ef6\u4e0e\u7279\u6b8a\u5149\u5b66\u5e94\u7528<\/td><td>\u73bb\u7483\u9676\u74f7\u5e94\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u6210\u50cf\u73bb\u7483\u533a\u522b\u9009\u578b\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p style=\"font-size:14px;color:#526c80;margin-top:12px\">\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u4e0a\u8868\u5217\u7684\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u6750\u6599\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e0d\u542b\u672a\u7ecf\u6307\u5b9a\u724c\u53f7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u6570\u503c\u3002<\/p><\/section>\r\n<figure><img src=\"https:\/\/glassubstrate.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/a417c51bdfc5d2b4f3e7150dd30347a9-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\u9694\u79bb\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u7247\u6750\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" loading=\"eager\"><figcaption>\u73bb\u7483\u7247\u6750\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u4e0e\u642c\u8fd0\u793a\u4f8b\uff1b\u5177\u4f53\u6750\u8d28\u4ee5\u9879\u76ee\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<section id=\"parameters\"><h2>\u770b\u61c2\u6750\u6599\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570<\/h2><div class=\"grid\"><div class=\"card\"><h3>\u6298\u5c04\u7387 n<sub>d<\/sub> \u4e0e\u963f\u8d1d\u6570 \u03bd<sub>d<\/sub><\/h3><p>n<sub>d<\/sub>\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u6c26 d \u7ebf\u9644\u8fd1 587.6 nm \u7684\u6298\u5c04\u7387\uff1b\u03bd<sub>d<\/sub>\u53cd\u6620\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\u8272\u6563\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u4f5c\u6ce2\u957f\u4e0b\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u548c\u8272\u6563\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p><\/div><div class=\"card\"><h3>\u5149\u8c31\u900f\u8fc7\u7387<\/h3><p>\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u968f\u6ce2\u957f\u548c\u539a\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5185\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u4e0e\u5305\u542b\u8868\u9762\u53cd\u5c04\u635f\u5931\u7684\u5916\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e94\u6838\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p><\/div><div class=\"card\"><h3>\u70ed\u81a8\u80c0\u4e0e\u6e29\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4<\/h3><p>CTE \u5e94\u6ce8\u660e\u6e29\u5ea6\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u3001\u7845\u3001\u80f6\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u88c5\u914d\u6750\u6599\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u9ad8\u6e29\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd8\u987b\u6838\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p><\/div><div class=\"card\"><h3>\u51e0\u4f55\u4e0e\u8868\u9762\u8d28\u91cf<\/h3><p>\u539a\u5ea6\u516c\u5dee\u3001TTV\u3001\u5e73\u9762\u5ea6\u3001\u7fd8\u66f2\u3001\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u53ca\u5916\u89c2\u7f3a\u9677\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u54cd\u88c5\u914d\u3001\u6210\u50cf\u548c\u540e\u7eed\u52a0\u5de5\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u7528\u201c\u7cbe\u5bc6\u201d\u6982\u62ec\u3002<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section>\r\n<section id=\"applications\"><h2>\u6309\u7528\u9014\u53cd\u67e5\u6750\u6599<\/h2><p>\u6210\u50cf\u955c\u7ec4\u5148\u6309\u5de5\u4f5c\u6ce2\u957f\u3001\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u4e0e\u8272\u6563\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u518d\u68c0\u67e5\u5747\u5300\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u52a0\u5de5\u6027\uff1b\u7d2b\u5916\u6216\u6fc0\u5149\u7a97\u53e3\u91cd\u70b9\u6838\u5bf9\u6307\u5b9a\u6ce2\u957f\u7684\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u548c\u635f\u4f24\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b\u8010\u70ed\u89c2\u5bdf\u7a97\u5173\u6ce8\u70ed\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u539a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u88c5\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u7535\u5b50\u57fa\u677f\u5219\u4f18\u5148\u660e\u786e\u6750\u6599\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3001\u539a\u5ea6\u3001TTV\u3001\u7fd8\u66f2\u548c\u6d01\u51c0\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p><figure><img src=\"https:\/\/glassubstrate.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/ecf49bb2bfff10fd0616a3b73109d87c-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\u91c7\u7528\u9694\u79bb\u6750\u6599\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u677f\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" loading=\"eager\"><figcaption>\u73bb\u7483\u677f\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u4fdd\u62a4\u793a\u4f8b\uff1b\u56fe\u7247\u4e0d\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e\u67d0\u4e00\u6750\u6599\u724c\u53f7\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u9517\u3001\u7845\u548c\u7852\u5316\u950c\u4e5f\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u73bb\u7483\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u7eb3\u5165\u201c\u73bb\u7483\u79cd\u7c7b\u201d\u8ba1\u6570\u3002\u9009\u5b9a\u6750\u6599\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u4f9d\u636e\u56fe\u7eb8\u786e\u5b9a\u5207\u5272\u3001\u78e8\u8fb9\u3001\u629b\u5149\u3001\u6e05\u6d17\u4e0e\u68c0\u6d4b\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p><\/section>\r\n<section id=\"faq\"><h2>\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h2><h3>\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u66ff\u6362\u724c\u53f7\u5417\uff1f<\/h3><p>\u4e0d\u80fd\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u7c7b\u522b\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u3001\u8272\u6563\u3001\u70ed\u81a8\u80c0\u3001\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u548c\u4f9b\u8d27\u539a\u5ea6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u66ff\u6362\u524d\u5e94\u91cd\u65b0\u6838\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u724c\u53f7\u53ca\u8bbe\u8ba1\u516c\u5dee\u3002<\/p><h3>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u54c1\u539a\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\uff1f<\/h3><p>\u6750\u6599\u5438\u6536\u8def\u5f84\u968f\u539a\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\uff1b\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u9540\u819c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5916\u900f\u8fc7\u7387\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u66f2\u7ebf\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u8ba4\u6d4b\u8bd5\u539a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p><h3>\u91c7\u8d2d\u65f6\u5e94\u63d0\u4f9b\u54ea\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\uff1f<\/h3><p>\u63d0\u4f9b\u6750\u6599\u724c\u53f7\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u6ce2\u6bb5\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0e\u539a\u5ea6\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u56fe\u7eb8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8868\u9762\u3001\u8fb9\u7f18\u3001\u6d01\u51c0\u548c\u68c0\u6d4b\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u82e5\u724c\u53f7\u672a\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u5148\u8bf4\u660e\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p><\/section>\r\n<section class=\"cta\"><h2 style=\"margin-top:0\">\u6309\u56fe\u7eb8\u8bc4\u4f30\u73bb\u7483\u6750\u6599\u4e0e\u52a0\u5de5<\/h2><p>\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u6750\u6599\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u56fe\u7eb8\u53d1\u7ed9\u5de5\u7a0b\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u786e\u8ba4\u6750\u6599\u4e0e\u53ef\u52a0\u5de5\u89c4\u683c\u3002<\/p><a href=\"\/zh_cn\/about\/#quote\">\u53d1\u9001\u9700\u6c42\u5e76\u8054\u7cfb\u56e2\u961f \u2192<\/a><\/section>\r\n<\/article>\r\n","_rgkb_zh_reviewed":"1","_rgkb_zh_image_alt":"\u9694\u79bb\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u7247\u6750","_rgkb_ru_title":"\u0421\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430? \u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430","_rgkb_ru_excerpt":"\u041e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0446, \u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430, \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0438. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438.","_rgkb_ru_seo_title":"\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430: \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430","_rgkb_ru_content":"\r\n<article class=\"lg-opt-guide\">\r\n<p class=\"lead\">\u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\r\n<nav class=\"toc\" aria-label=\"\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438\"><a href=\"#overview\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/a><a href=\"#table\">\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/a><a href=\"#parameters\">\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b<\/a><a href=\"#applications\">\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/a><a href=\"#faq\">\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b<\/a><\/nav>\r\n<section id=\"overview\"><h2>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043c?<\/h2><p>\u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0442: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043d \u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0442 \u2014 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0446, \u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432.<\/p><div class=\"callout\">\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b, \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0435.<\/div><\/section>\r\n<section id=\"table\"><h2>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/h2><div class=\"table-scroll\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d<\/th><td>\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0410\u0431\u0431\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td><td>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u0437\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b, \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430<\/td><td>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u0424\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430<\/th><td>\u0414\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td><td>\u0410\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0437\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/td><td>\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u041f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0446<\/th><td>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f, \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/td><td>\u0423\u0424-\u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430, \u043b\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td><td>\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0423\u0424- \u0438 \u0418\u041a-\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u0411\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e<\/th><td>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/td><td>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0438<\/td><td>\u0411\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430: \u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0443.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u0411\u0435\u0441\u0449\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043a<\/th><td>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, TTV, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430<\/td><td>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0435\u0432, \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432<\/td><td>\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u041e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e<\/th><td>\u0421\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b<\/td><td>\u0424\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u044b, \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/td><td>\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u0418\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e<\/th><td>\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d \u0418\u041a-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/td><td>\u0418\u041a-\u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td><td>\u041d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0418\u041a-\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0443.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">\u0421\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430<\/th><td>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/td><td>\u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td><td>\u0421\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p style=\"font-size:14px;color:#526c80;margin-top:12px\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438.<\/p><\/section>\r\n<figure><img src=\"https:\/\/glassubstrate.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/a417c51bdfc5d2b4f3e7150dd30347a9-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\u0421\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" loading=\"eager\"><figcaption>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<section id=\"parameters\"><h2>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430<\/h2><div class=\"grid\"><div class=\"card\"><h3>\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f n<sub>d<\/sub> \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0410\u0431\u0431\u0435 \u03bd<sub>d<\/sub><\/h3><p>n<sub>d<\/sub>\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 d \u0433\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 587,6 \u043d\u043c; \u03bd<sub>d<\/sub>\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"card\"><h3>\u0421\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h3><p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b. \u0412\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"card\"><h3>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d<\/h3><p>CTE \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"card\"><h3>\u0413\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/h3><p>\u0414\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b, TTV, \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0448\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443, \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043a\u0438.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section>\r\n<section id=\"applications\"><h2>\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435<\/h2><p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0423\u0424- \u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044b, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0443, TTV, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0443.<\/p><figure><img src=\"https:\/\/glassubstrate.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/ecf49bb2bfff10fd0616a3b73109d87c-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\u0421\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" loading=\"eager\"><figcaption>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0434 \u0446\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0418\u041a-\u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435, \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044e.<\/p><\/section>\r\n<section id=\"faq\"><h2>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b<\/h2><h3>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b?<\/h3><p>\u041d\u0435\u0442. \u0414\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438.<\/p><h3>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435?<\/h3><p>\u0421 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p><h3>\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435?<\/h3><p>\u0423\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044e. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p><\/section>\r\n<section class=\"cta\"><h2 style=\"margin-top:0\">\u041e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0443<\/h2><p>\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436. \u041c\u044b \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430.<\/p><a href=\"\/ru\/about\/#quote\">\u041e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u2192<\/a><\/section>\r\n<\/article>\r\n","_rgkb_ru_reviewed":"1","_rgkb_ru_image_alt":"\u0421\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438"},"categories":[17,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-glass-material-selection","category-technical-knowledge"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u5149\u5b66\u73bb\u7483\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u79cd\u7c7b\uff1f\u6750\u6599\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u9009\u578b\u603b\u8868\uff5cLIGHTING GLASS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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